References
The anatomy, angiography and manufacturer sources behind the atlas.
Anatomy & angiography
Coronary anatomy, view terminology and complementary projections.
Equipment & images
Product pages and catalogs reviewed October 13, 2026. Stocking, regional availability and configurations vary. Product details and image sources are also linked inside each equipment detail.
Equipment photographs and catalog illustrations are credited to their manufacturers. Original image rights remain with their owners; these assets are not covered by the application’s MIT license. Complete image attribution ↗
Practice studies
Historical surveys and equipment studies. Study figures are not reproduced in this atlas.
Attribution & model notes
Film attribution & license
Published reference clips: Aquilina O, Grech V, Felice H, Debono J, Fenech A. Normal adult coronary angiography. Images Paediatr Cardiol. 2006;8(2):1–16. © Images in Paediatric Cardiology. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Clips unchanged; files renamed. Noncommercial use only; preserve attribution and applicable ShareAlike terms. No endorsement is implied.
The RCA RAO, RCA LAO caudal and left coronary AP caudal recordings were supplied by the site author. They are separate from the Aquilina collection and are not assigned its Creative Commons license. Uploaded videos were prepared as browser-compatible MP4 files, preserving the original dimensions and playback speed. The straight LAO model is 30°; its published reference cine remains labeled with its recorded 45° angle. RCA LAO caudal uses the existing 45° / 20° model preset; left coronary AP caudal uses the 0° / caudal 30° model preset. The exact acquisition angles of these two uploaded recordings were not supplied.
The supplied Intuitive Cardiology resource is linked externally.
Anatomy attribution
BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science, licensed under CC Attribution 4.0 International. Native version 4.3 OBJ surfaces were grouped, converted to indexed web meshes, and transformed together into patient coordinates. No synthetic branch paths were added. Asset details and attribution.
Software
Three.js and original application code: MIT. The anatomy meshes retain CC BY 4.0; the published reference clips retain CC BY-NC-SA 3.0; author-supplied cine remains separately attributed.
Acquisition geometry
The live projection intersects rays from a point source through the same native coronary vertices with a detector plane. Patient axes are +X left, +Y cranial and +Z anterior. Positive angles are LAO and cranial, following the DICOM XA positioner convention. A cranial/caudal tilt precedes rotation about the head-to-foot axis. At neutral, patient left is image right. The fixed illustrative geometry uses 600 mm source-to-isocenter, 1000 mm source-to-detector and a 240 mm square field. The familiar AP-neutral interface label corresponds to a physically PA beam with the supine patient and under-table source.
Perspective magnification is included. Attenuation, scatter, contrast transport and cardiac motion are not simulated. This is a vessel-surface silhouette, not a synthetic clinical radiograph. The patient and anatomy remain fixed while source and detector move; the independent anatomy inspection camera is orthographic. Equipment linkage and clearances are illustrative. The source download includes the coordinate equations and numerical tests. Dragging the detector also rotates the anatomy observer by the same angle change, keeping the heart and any enabled rib cage together.
Optional rib cage
The Rib cage control starts off. It adds 24 ribs, 20 costal cartilages, three sternum components and twelve thoracic vertebrae from the same BodyParts3D atlas, with the same patient-coordinate transform. Vertices are clustered on a 2 mm grid for lighter background rendering. Original OBJ files, source IDs, hashes and the reproducible compiler are included in Download source. The cage is translucent anatomical context, not a diagnostic bone model, and is not added to the simulated angiogram or cine. It retains the atlas license and attribution above.
Model limitations
This atlas-based educational model uses BodyParts3D coronary and heart surfaces with an RCA-supplied PDA. It represents one atlas anatomy, not the learner’s patient or the patients in the cine clips. Surface reconstruction, branch caliber and small branch junctions have source limitations; the assembled display has not been independently anatomically validated. It omits cardiac motion, disease and normal anatomical variants. Some branch groups have source-defined generic names rather than D1/D2 or OM1/OM2 numbering. The displayed aortic arch context is partial; it does not contain every great vessel.
For education only. Simplified anatomy and simulated projections do not replace supervised clinical training or patient-specific interpretation.